graph TD A[Climate] --> F(Soil Formation) B[Organisms] --> F C[Relief] --> F D[Parent Material] --> F E[Time] --> F
AGRI4401 Precision Agriculture
June 23, 2025
graph TD A[Climate] --> F(Soil Formation) B[Organisms] --> F C[Relief] --> F D[Parent Material] --> F E[Time] --> F
Overview of weathering processes and soil horizon formation.
graph TD
A[Parent Material<br>Bedrock] --> B[Weathering<br>Physical, Chemical, Biological]
B --> C[Additions<br>Organic matter]
B --> D[Losses<br>Leaching]
B --> E[Translocations<br>Clay, minerals]
B --> F[Transformations<br>Humus formation]
C --> G[Horizon Development]
D --> G
E --> G
F --> G
Overview of how texture, structure, & topography drive spatial variability and management zoning.
flowchart LR A[Soil Sampling] --> B[Lab Analysis] B --> C[Variability Map] C --> D[Zone Delineation] D --> E[VRA]
flowchart LR A[Soil Props] --> B(ECa Signal) C[Env Factors] --> B B --> D[Variability Maps] D --> E[Zones] E --> F[Recommendations]
Illustration: ECa techniques for texture variability & zoning.
graph LR EM[EMI] --> Data[ECa Data] RES[Resistivity] --> Data Data --> Map[Georeferenced Map] Map --> Analysis[Variability] Analysis --> Zones[Management Zones]
graph TD A[Structure] --> B[Aggregate Classes] A --> C[Proximal Sensors] C --> D[Porosity Map] C --> E[Bulk Density] E --> F[Compaction Zones] F --> G[Root Constraints] G --> H[Yield Impacts]
flowchart LR Porosity -->|inverse| BulkDensity BulkDensity --> SensorCoupling SensorCoupling --> ECa Porosity --> WaterRetention WaterRetention --> ECa
Role of pore‐size distribution in water movement.
graph LR A[EMI Survey] --> B[ECa Map] B --> C[pH Model] C --> D[Lime VRA Map] D --> E[Yield Benefit]
graph LR A[EMI Sensor] --> B[ECa Data] B --> C[GIS Interpolation] C --> D[ECa Map] D --> E[Zones] E --> F[VRA]
flowchart LR EC[EC Sensor] --> IN[Integration] GR[Gamma Radiometry] --> HT[Hand Texturing] --> IN IN --> MAP[Variability Map] MAP --> ZONES[Management Zones]
graph LR A[Sampling Grid] --> B[GPS Georeferencing] B --> C[Variogram Analysis] C --> D[Spatial Interpolation] D --> E[Digital Map] E --> F[Validation]
Comparison of EM38 & Veris ECa depth responses and property correlations.
flowchart LR EM38[EM38 (0–50 cm)] --> DR[Depth Response] Veris[Veris (0–100 cm)] --> DR DR --> Cor[Correlations] Cor --> Clay[Clay & CEC] Cor --> Sec[OM, silt, moisture]
flowchart LR A[Saturation (0 kPa)] --> B[Field Capacity (−33 kPa)] B --> C[Wilting Point (−1500 kPa)]
flowchart LR SP[Soil Traits] --> NORM[Normalize] NDVI[NDVI Time Series] --> NORM NORM --> CL[Clustering] CL --> MAP[Root Zone Map]
flowchart LR A[EM Survey] --> B[Regression Calibration] B --> C[Volumetric Water] C --> D[3D Moisture Surfaces] D --> E[Groundwater Model] E --> F[Yield Prediction]
flowchart LR A[Piezometers & Probes] --> B[Data Assimilation] C[Remote Sensing] --> B B --> D[MODFLOW Model] D --> E[Hydraulic Heads & Fluxes] E --> F[Crop Uptake Coupling] F --> G[Irrigation & Nutrient Decisions]
::: {.columns}

flowchart LR A[Profit-Driver Analysis] --> B[Field Data Collection] B --> C[Equipment Calibration] C --> D[Generate VRA Maps] D --> E[Implementation Schedule] E --> F[ROI Monitoring]